History of Punjbai language & how to learn Punjabi language..

Being one of the most spoken languages in the world, Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab and the shared state capital Chandigarh. It is one of the second official languages of Delhi and Haryana.It is also spoken in neighbouring areas such as Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Punjabi is the predominantly spoken language in the Punjab province of Pakistan (and the most widely spoken language in Pakistan according to the CIA factbook), although it has no official status there, and both Urdu and English are preferred languages of the elite.
Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries where Punjabis have emigrated in large numbers such as the United States, Australia, England (where it is the second most commonly used language) and Canada (where it is the fifth most commonly used language). In recent times Punjabi has grown fast and has now become the fourth most spoken language in Canada.
Punjabi is the preferred language of most Sikhs, (most of their religious literature being written in it) and Punjabi Hindus. It is the usual language of Bhangra music, which has recently gained wide popularity both in South Asis and abroad.
There are many dialects of Punjabi and they all form part of a dialect continuum, merging with Sindhi and related languages in Pakistan, and Hindustani in India. The main dialects of Punjabi are Majhi, Doabi and Malwai in India, and Pothohari, Lahndi and Multani in Pakistan. Majhi is the standard written form of Punjabi.
GurmukhÄ« (à ¨—à © à ¨°Ã ¨®Ã © à ¨–à ©€) is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language. An abugida derived from the Later Sharada script and ultimately descended from Brahmi, Gurmukhi was standardized by the second Sikh guru, Shri Guru Angad Dev Ji, in the 16th century.. The whole of the Shri Guru Granth Sahib’s 1430 pages are written in this script. The name Gurmukhi is derived from the Old Punjabi term “guramukhÄ«”, meaning “from the mouth of the Guru”.
Modern Gurmukhi has forty-one consonants (vianjan), nine vowel symbols (lÄ ga mÄ trÄ ), two symbols for nasal sounds (bindÄ« and ippÄ«), and one symbol which duplicates the sound of any consonant (addak). In addition, four conjuncts are used: three subjoined forms of the consonants Rara, Haha and Vava, and one half-form of Yayya. Use of the conjunct forms of Vava and Yayya is increasingly scarce in modern contexts.
Alphabet
The Gurmukhi alphabet contains thirty-five distinct letters. The first three letters are unique because they form the basis for vowels and are not consonants.. Except for Aira, the first three characters are never used on their own. See the section on vowels for further details.
Name Pron. Name Pron. Name Pron. Name Pron. Name Pron.
à ©³ Ura à ¨… Aira à ©² Iri à ¨¸ Sussa Sa à ¨¹ Haha Ha
à ¨• Kakka Ka à ¨– Khukha Kha à ¨— Gugga Ga à ¨˜ Ghugga Gha à ¨™ Ungga Nga
à ¨š Chuchaa Ca à ¨› Chhuchha Cha à ¨œ Jujja Ja à ¨ Jhujja Jha à ¨ž Neya Nya
à ¨Ÿ Tainka Tta à ¨ Thutha Ttha à ¨¡ Dudda Dda à ¨¢ Dhudda Ddha à ¨£ Nahnha Nna
à ¨¤ Tutta Ta à ¨¥ Thutha Tha à ¨¦ Duda Da à ¨§ Dhuda Dha à ¨¨ Nunna Na
à ¨ª Puppa Pa à ¨« Phupha Pha à ¨¬ Bubba Ba à ¨¬ Bhubba Bha à ¨® Mumma Ma
à ¨¯ Yaiyya Ya à ¨° Rara Ra à ¨² Lulla La à ¨µ Vava Va à ©œ Rharha Rha
In addition to these, there are six consonants created by placing a dot (bindi) at the foot (pair) of the consonant (these are not present in Sri Guru Granth Sahib):
Name
Pron.

à ¨¸Ã ¨¼
Sussa pair bindi
Sha

à ¨–à ¨¼
Khukha pair bindi
Khha

à ¨—à ¨¼
Gugga pair bindi
Ghha

à ¨œÃ ¨¼
Jujja pair bindi
Za

à ¨«Ã ¨¼
Phupha pair bindi
Fa

à ¨²Ã ¨¼
Lulla pair bindi
Lla

Lulla pair bindi was only recently added to the Gurmukhi alphabet. Some sources may not consider it a separate letter.
Vowel Examples
Word
Transcription
Meaning

à ¨�€ à ¨²Ã ©‚
Ä lÅ«
potato

à ¨¦Ã ¨¿Ã ¨²
dil
heart

à ¨—à ¨¾Ã ¨‚
gã
cow